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Ordered exponential : ウィキペディア英語版
Ordered exponential

The ordered exponential (also called the path-ordered exponential) is a mathematical operation defined in non-commutative algebras, equivalent to the exponential of the integral in the commutative algebras. In practice the ordered exponential is used in matrix and operator algebras.
== Definition ==

Let ''A'' be an algebra over a real or complex field ''K'', and ''a''(''t'') be a parameterized element of ''A'',
: a \mathrel K \to A. \,
The parameter ''t'' in ''a''(''t'') is often referred to as the ''time parameter'' in this context.
The ordered exponential of ''a'' is denoted
: \operatorname()(t) \equiv \mathcal \left\ \equiv \sum_^\infty \frac \int_0^t \cdots \int_0^ \mathcal \left\ \, dt'_1 \cdots dt'_n
where \mathcal is a higher-order operation that ensures the exponential is time-ordered: any product of ''a''(''t'') that occurs in the expansion of the exponential must be ordered such that the value of ''t'' is increasing from right to left of the product; a schematic example:
: \mathcal \left\ = a(9.5) a(4.1) a(1.2).
This restriction is necessary as products in the algebra are not necessarily commutative.
The operation maps a parameterized element onto another parameterized element, or symbolically,
: \operatorname \mathrel \left(K \to A\right) \to \left(K \to A\right).
There are various ways to define this integral more rigorously.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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